How is the purity of electronic grade ammonia tested?
To test the purity of electronic grade hydrogen peroxide, you can follow the following method.
Prepare the required equipment first, such as a high-precision analytical balance, a pipette with accurate capacity, a volumetric bottle with clear scale, a burette, etc. Take an appropriate amount of electronic grade hydrogen peroxide sample and accurately weigh it on the analytical balance as\ (m\).
Carefully move this sample into a volumetric flask, dilute it to a predetermined scale with an appropriate amount of pure water, shake well to obtain a uniform test solution.
Use a suitable titrant, such as a potassium permanganate solution with known exact concentration. Take a certain volume of the above test solution and pipette it into a clean conical bottle.
Add an appropriate amount of sulfuric acid to the conical flask to acidify the test solution. At this time, the hydrogen peroxide will undergo a redox reaction with potassium permanganate. Add the potassium permanganate solution dropwise with a burette, and shake it while adding until the solution appears reddish and does not fade within half a minute, which is the end point of titration.
Record the volume of the consumed potassium permanganate solution\ (V\). According to the stoichiometric relationship between hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate in the chemical reaction equation, the amount of hydrogen peroxide in the sample can be calculated\ (n\).
Then calculate the mass of hydrogen peroxide in the sample\ (m_ {H_ {2} O_ {2}}\), its purity\ (ω =\ frac {m_ {H_ {2} O_ {2}}} {m}\ times100\%\).
When operating, be careful to ensure the cleanliness and accuracy of the instrument, and strictly follow the operating procedures to reduce errors and obtain accurate purity determination results.
What electronic fields is electronic grade ammonia suitable for?
Electronic grade ammonia is a crucial chemical in the field of electronics, and it has a wide range of uses and is suitable for many electronic fields.
In the field of semiconductor manufacturing, electronic grade ammonia has great uses. In the photolithography process of chip manufacturing, it is required to develop photoresists. After the photoresist is exposed, the chemical properties change. At this time, electronic grade ammonia can be used as a developer to dissolve and remove the photoresist from the exposed part or the unexposed part, so that the desired pattern can be accurately presented. This step is of great significance to the formation of the chip wiring diagram, which is related to the performance and function of the chip. And in the etching process, electronic grade ammonia also plays a key role, which can assist the etching solution to selectively etch specific materials, ensure etching accuracy and effect, and help to produce extremely fine chip structures.
In the field of flat panel display manufacturing, electronic grade ammonia is also indispensable. In the manufacturing process of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), cleaning of glass substrates is quite important. Electronic grade ammonia can effectively remove oil, organic matter and metal ions and other impurities on the surface of glass substrates, ensure that the surface of the substrate is clean, and create good conditions for subsequent coating and packaging of liquid crystal materials, thereby improving the display quality and stability of liquid crystal displays. At the same time, in the manufacture of organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), electronic grade ammonia can be used to treat the surface of organic materials, improve the interface performance between organic materials and electrodes, and improve the luminous efficiency and service life of OLED devices.
In addition, in the field of electronic cleaning, electronic grade ammonia is often used to clean various electronic components and circuit boards. It can quickly dissolve and remove flux residues, oil stains and other contaminants on the surface of components to avoid these impurities from adversely affecting the performance of electronic devices and ensure the normal operation and reliability of electronic devices.
To sum up, electronic-grade ammonia has a wide range of important applications in semiconductor manufacturing, flat panel display manufacturing, and electronic cleaning, which play a significant role in promoting the development of the electronics industry and improving the performance and quality of electronic products.
What are the precautions for storing and transporting electronic-grade ammonia?
For electronic grade ammonia water, everyone should pay attention to storage and transportation.
The first word storage, its volatile and corrosive, must choose a suitable container. It should be made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as specific plastics or stainless steel. The cover can resist the erosion of ammonia water and avoid the risk of leakage caused by damage to the container. And the storage place should be cool, dry and well ventilated. If it is in a high temperature or humid place, the evaporation of ammonia water will accelerate, which will not only damage its quality, but also increase safety. It also needs to be stored in isolation from acids, metal powders, etc., because ammonia water is prone to violent reactions with it, resulting in danger.
As for transportation, it should not be ignored. Transportation vehicles must ensure that they are well sealed to prevent ammonia from evaporating and escaping. And the vehicle should be equipped with emergency treatment equipment and materials. In case of leakage, they can respond in time. Transportation personnel also need professional training to be familiar with the characteristics of ammonia water and emergency treatment methods. During driving, avoid high temperatures and densely populated areas, drive slowly and steadily to avoid container damage due to bumps and collisions.
Furthermore, whether it is storage or transportation, there should be obvious warning signs, so that people can know that it is a dangerous chemical at a glance, and they should be treated with awe and caution. It is also necessary to regularly inspect storage equipment and transportation equipment on a daily basis to see if it is damaged or leaking. If there is any abnormality, deal with it quickly to ensure safety. In this way, it is necessary to properly store and transport electronic-grade ammonia to avoid accidents and ensure all things go smoothly.
What are the unique properties of electronic-grade ammonia compared to ordinary ammonia?
Electron grade distilled water does have many unique properties compared to ordinary distilled water.
Electron grade distilled water has undergone multiple fine treatments to achieve extremely high purity of water. Its main unique feature is the extremely low impurity content. Although ordinary distilled water is distilled to remove some impurities, electronic grade distilled water is more thorough in removing various ions, organics and microorganisms. For example, its metal ion content can be as low as one part per billion or even lower, so that the purity can meet the extremely strict requirements of the electronics industry for water quality. Because in electronic manufacturing, tiny impurity ions can also have a serious impact on the performance and reliability of precision electronic components.
Furthermore, the resistivity of electronic grade distilled water is extremely high. The resistivity of ordinary distilled water is relatively limited, while the resistivity of electronic grade distilled water can reach about 18.2MΩ · cm at room temperature. This high resistivity means that there are very few conductive ions in the water, so as to ensure that in electronic circuit manufacturing and related processes, it will not cause short circuits, leakage and other failures due to the conductivity of water, and ensure the stable operation of electronic equipment.
In addition, the particulate matter content of electronic grade distilled water is extremely low. In high-end fields such as electronic chip manufacturing, even extremely small particles can become a source of chip defects. Electronic grade distilled water is strictly filtered and other processes to control the particulate matter to a very low level to meet the cleanliness needs of high-end electronic manufacturing.
In addition, its microbial content is also strictly controlled. Ordinary distilled water is easy to breed microorganisms during storage and use. However, after special disinfection and protective treatment, the microbial content of electronic grade distilled water is much lower than that of ordinary distilled water, so as to avoid corrosion or other damage to electronic components caused by microorganisms.
To sum up, electronic grade distilled water plays an indispensable role in high-end fields such as the electronics industry due to its unique properties of extremely low impurities, high resistivity, low particle and microbial content, which is very different from ordinary distilled water.
What is the production process of electronic grade ammonia?
Electronic grade ammonia water is a crucial chemical reagent in the electronics industry. Its preparation process is exquisite and complicated, and it has extremely high purity requirements.
To make electronic grade ammonia water, the first selection of raw materials. It needs to be based on high-purity liquid ammonia and deionized water. Liquid ammonia must be purified by multiple distillation to remove impurities such as metal ions and organic matter, so that its purity can reach a very high level. Deionized water also needs to be treated through multiple processes, such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, etc., to ensure that there are very few impurities in the water before it can be used for the preparation of ammonia water.
When preparing, the purified liquid ammonia is slowly passed into the strictly treated deionized water. This process is crucial to control conditions such as temperature, pressure, and ventilation rate. If the temperature is too high, ammonia gas escapes too fast, and the adverse reaction is fully carried out; if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate is slow, which affects the production efficiency. Usually the temperature is controlled within a specific range, and the stability is maintained by the cooling device. The pressure also needs to be appropriate to ensure that ammonia can dissolve smoothly in water. The ventilation rate should be uniform and moderate, so that ammonia gas and water can fully contact and react to generate ammonia water. The crude ammonia water made from
needs to be further refined. Distillation and adsorption methods are often used. Distillation can separate low-boiling impurities according to the difference in the boiling point of each component. Adsorption uses specific adsorbents, such as activated carbon and ion exchange resins, to remove residual metal ions, organic matter and other impurities and improve the purity of ammonia water.
After refining, electronic grade ammonia needs to be strictly tested. Advanced analytical instruments such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are used to detect metal ion content, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to determine organic impurities. Only when all indicators meet the strict standards of the electronics industry can qualified electronic grade ammonia be used in high-end fields such as semiconductor manufacturing and electronic component cleaning, laying a solid foundation for the quality and performance of electronic products.