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4 Quantum Numbers For Hydrogen
On the Four Quantum Numbers of Hydrogen
Between heaven and earth, everything has its own rules, and the microscopic domain is no exception. Hydrogen is the basis of elements. In its atomic structure, the four quantum numbers are very important, which shows the state of electrons.
One is the main quantum number\ (n\). This number represents the distance of the electron from the nucleus and the level of energy. The higher the value of\ (n\), the farther the electron is from the nucleus and the higher the energy.\ (n\) can be a positive integer, such as\ (1, 2, 3,\ cdots\). When\ (n = 1\), the electron is at the lowest energy level and is stable near the core; if\ (n\) increases, the electron jumps to the higher energy level and the active level also increases.
The second is the angular quantum number\ (l\). It is related to the shape of the electron cloud. The value of\ (l\) is limited by\ (n\) and can be\ (0, 1,\ cdots, n - 1\). When\ (l = 0\), the electron cloud is spherical and symmetrical, like a circle;\ (l = 1\), it is dumbbell-shaped;\ (l\) is different, the electron cloud shape is different, and it also affects the properties of atomic orbitals.
Then there is the magnetic quantum number\ (m\). This number determines the extension direction of the electron cloud in space.\ (m\) The value depends on\ (l\) and can be\ (-l, -l + 1,\ cdots, 0,\ cdots, l - 1, l\). For example,\ (l = 1 \) ， \( m\) can be\ (-1, 0, 1\), that is, the dumbbell-shaped electron cloud has three stretching directions in space, reflecting the delicacy of the microscopic world.
Finally, the spin quantum number\ (m_s\). In addition to the movement around the nucleus, the electron itself also spins.\ (m_s\) is only\ (\ pm\ frac {1} {2}\), and the table electron has two spin states, up or down. Although this property is small, it has an important impact on the magnetic properties of atoms. The four quantum numbers complement each other and together describe the behavior and state of electrons in hydrogen atoms, allowing us to understand the mysteries of the microscopic world. They are of great significance in many fields such as chemistry and physics, and lay the foundation for exploring the essence of matter.
Between heaven and earth, everything has its own rules, and the microscopic domain is no exception. Hydrogen is the basis of elements. In its atomic structure, the four quantum numbers are very important, which shows the state of electrons.
One is the main quantum number\ (n\). This number represents the distance of the electron from the nucleus and the level of energy. The higher the value of\ (n\), the farther the electron is from the nucleus and the higher the energy.\ (n\) can be a positive integer, such as\ (1, 2, 3,\ cdots\). When\ (n = 1\), the electron is at the lowest energy level and is stable near the core; if\ (n\) increases, the electron jumps to the higher energy level and the active level also increases.
The second is the angular quantum number\ (l\). It is related to the shape of the electron cloud. The value of\ (l\) is limited by\ (n\) and can be\ (0, 1,\ cdots, n - 1\). When\ (l = 0\), the electron cloud is spherical and symmetrical, like a circle;\ (l = 1\), it is dumbbell-shaped;\ (l\) is different, the electron cloud shape is different, and it also affects the properties of atomic orbitals.
Then there is the magnetic quantum number\ (m\). This number determines the extension direction of the electron cloud in space.\ (m\) The value depends on\ (l\) and can be\ (-l, -l + 1,\ cdots, 0,\ cdots, l - 1, l\). For example,\ (l = 1 \) ， \( m\) can be\ (-1, 0, 1\), that is, the dumbbell-shaped electron cloud has three stretching directions in space, reflecting the delicacy of the microscopic world.
Finally, the spin quantum number\ (m_s\). In addition to the movement around the nucleus, the electron itself also spins.\ (m_s\) is only\ (\ pm\ frac {1} {2}\), and the table electron has two spin states, up or down. Although this property is small, it has an important impact on the magnetic properties of atoms. The four quantum numbers complement each other and together describe the behavior and state of electrons in hydrogen atoms, allowing us to understand the mysteries of the microscopic world. They are of great significance in many fields such as chemistry and physics, and lay the foundation for exploring the essence of matter.
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