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Anthraquinone Process Producing Hydrogen Peroxide
Anthraquinone method for preparing hydrogen peroxide
1. Principle of anthraquinone method
The preparation of hydrogen peroxide by anthraquinone method is based on the chemical reaction of anthraquinone compounds under specific conditions. Taking alkyl anthraquinone as an example, it is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent to form a working solution. This working solution undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. During hydrogenation, the carbonyl group in the anthraquinone molecule is reduced by hydrogen and converted into the corresponding anthrahydroquinone. The chemical reaction formula can be succinctly expressed as: anthraquinone +\ (H_ {2 }\) \(\ xr ight arrow [] {catalyst}\) anthrahydroquinone.
2. Detailed description of process steps
1. ** Hydrogenation stage **
The working solution containing anthraquinone is introduced into the hydrogenation reactor, and hydrogen is introduced at the same time. The reactor is filled with a high-efficiency catalyst, usually a palladium-based catalyst. Under suitable temperature and pressure conditions, hydrogen is fully contacted and reacted with anthraquinone to realize the conversion of anthraquinone to anthrahydroquinone. During this process, the reaction temperature and pressure need to be precisely controlled. The temperature is generally maintained at 50-70 ° C, and the pressure is about 0.3-0.5 MPa. This condition can ensure the efficient and stable progress of the hydrogenation reaction, and improve the hydrogenation efficiency and the generation of anthraquinone.
2. ** Oxidation stage **
After hydrogenation, the working solution rich in anthraquinone is transported to the oxidation reactor. Here, air or oxygen is introduced into the solution to make anthrahydroquinone oxidize. Anthrahydroquinone is oxidized back to anthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide is generated. The reaction formula is: anthrahydroquinone +\ (O_ {2 }\) \(\ long right arrow\) anthraquinone +\ (H_ {2} O_ {2}\). This oxidation reaction can be carried out smoothly under mild conditions. Generally, the reaction temperature is controlled at 40-60 ° C. With the help of air or oxygen input rate, the process of oxidation reaction can be effectively regulated to ensure the efficient generation of hydrogen peroxide.
3. ** Extraction and Purification **
After the oxidation reaction is completed, the working solution containing hydrogen peroxide enters the extraction process. The separation of hydrogen peroxide is achieved by using the difference in solubility between hydrogen peroxide and other components in the working solution in a specific extractant. The commonly used extractant is water. The working solution is fully contacted with water in the extraction tower, and the hydrogen peroxide is transferred to the aqueous phase to form an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. The organic phase loaded with anthraquinone is separated and recycled back to the hydrogenation stage to continue to be used. The extracted hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution still contains a small amount of impurities and needs to be purified. By means of ion exchange resins, adsorbents, etc., metal ions, organic matter and other impurities are removed to improve the purity of hydrogen peroxide products.
4. The recycled working solution will accumulate some by-products after several hydrogenation and oxidation processes, which will affect the reaction efficiency and the quality of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, the working solution needs to be regenerated. The common regeneration method is the combination of chemical treatment and distillation. Through specific chemical reagents, the by-products are decomposed and removed, and then distilled and purified to restore the original composition and properties of the working solution, ensuring that it can be continuously and stably used in the production process of anthraquinone method to prepare hydrogen peroxide. The anthraquinone method has become the mainstream method for preparing hydrogen peroxide due to its advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and easy industrial production. It is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental protection and many other fields, providing a reliable supply route for the demand of hydrogen peroxide in various industries.
1. Principle of anthraquinone method
The preparation of hydrogen peroxide by anthraquinone method is based on the chemical reaction of anthraquinone compounds under specific conditions. Taking alkyl anthraquinone as an example, it is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent to form a working solution. This working solution undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. During hydrogenation, the carbonyl group in the anthraquinone molecule is reduced by hydrogen and converted into the corresponding anthrahydroquinone. The chemical reaction formula can be succinctly expressed as: anthraquinone +\ (H_ {2 }\) \(\ xr ight arrow [] {catalyst}\) anthrahydroquinone.
2. Detailed description of process steps
1. ** Hydrogenation stage **
The working solution containing anthraquinone is introduced into the hydrogenation reactor, and hydrogen is introduced at the same time. The reactor is filled with a high-efficiency catalyst, usually a palladium-based catalyst. Under suitable temperature and pressure conditions, hydrogen is fully contacted and reacted with anthraquinone to realize the conversion of anthraquinone to anthrahydroquinone. During this process, the reaction temperature and pressure need to be precisely controlled. The temperature is generally maintained at 50-70 ° C, and the pressure is about 0.3-0.5 MPa. This condition can ensure the efficient and stable progress of the hydrogenation reaction, and improve the hydrogenation efficiency and the generation of anthraquinone.
2. ** Oxidation stage **
After hydrogenation, the working solution rich in anthraquinone is transported to the oxidation reactor. Here, air or oxygen is introduced into the solution to make anthrahydroquinone oxidize. Anthrahydroquinone is oxidized back to anthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide is generated. The reaction formula is: anthrahydroquinone +\ (O_ {2 }\) \(\ long right arrow\) anthraquinone +\ (H_ {2} O_ {2}\). This oxidation reaction can be carried out smoothly under mild conditions. Generally, the reaction temperature is controlled at 40-60 ° C. With the help of air or oxygen input rate, the process of oxidation reaction can be effectively regulated to ensure the efficient generation of hydrogen peroxide.
3. ** Extraction and Purification **
After the oxidation reaction is completed, the working solution containing hydrogen peroxide enters the extraction process. The separation of hydrogen peroxide is achieved by using the difference in solubility between hydrogen peroxide and other components in the working solution in a specific extractant. The commonly used extractant is water. The working solution is fully contacted with water in the extraction tower, and the hydrogen peroxide is transferred to the aqueous phase to form an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. The organic phase loaded with anthraquinone is separated and recycled back to the hydrogenation stage to continue to be used. The extracted hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution still contains a small amount of impurities and needs to be purified. By means of ion exchange resins, adsorbents, etc., metal ions, organic matter and other impurities are removed to improve the purity of hydrogen peroxide products.
4. The recycled working solution will accumulate some by-products after several hydrogenation and oxidation processes, which will affect the reaction efficiency and the quality of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, the working solution needs to be regenerated. The common regeneration method is the combination of chemical treatment and distillation. Through specific chemical reagents, the by-products are decomposed and removed, and then distilled and purified to restore the original composition and properties of the working solution, ensuring that it can be continuously and stably used in the production process of anthraquinone method to prepare hydrogen peroxide. The anthraquinone method has become the mainstream method for preparing hydrogen peroxide due to its advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and easy industrial production. It is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental protection and many other fields, providing a reliable supply route for the demand of hydrogen peroxide in various industries.
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