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Atom Bomb Hydrogen Bomb Difference
The difference between atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs
Since the advent of firearms, the evolution of weapons has changed with each passing day, to the appearance of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, which are so powerful that they shock the world. Although both are extremely destructive nuclear weapons, the differences between them are worth exploring.
On the principle first. Atomic bombers rely on the principle of nuclear fission. Heavy atomic nuclei, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, are bombarded by neutrons and split into two or more light atomic nuclei. During this process, the mass loss is converted into a huge energy release according to Einstein's mass-energy formula E = mc ². Each fission triggers a chain reaction, and neutrons continue to bombard other atomic nuclei, causing an avalanche of energy.
The principle of hydrogen bombs is based on nuclear fusion. The isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, gather into helium nuclei at extremely high temperatures and pressures. This process also loses mass and releases massive energy. The sun shines and heats up, which is a natural example of nuclear fusion. To make hydrogen bomb nuclear fusion occur, atomic bomb explosions are often required to provide an initial high temperature and high pressure environment.
Secondary power. The power of atomic bombs is usually measured in terms of "tons of TNT equivalent". The yield of early atomic bombs is mostly in the order of thousands to 10,000 tons. For example, the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are about 15,000 tons and 20,000 tons of TNT. The power of hydrogen bombs is far superior, up to millions of tons or even tens of millions of tons of TNT equivalent. The "Tsar Bomb" tested by the Soviet Union has a yield of 50 million tons of TNT. It is the most powerful nuclear weapon in history. Its damage radius and range are far beyond the reach of an atomic bomb.
Furthermore, structure and materials. The structure of an atomic bomb is composed of a nuclear charge, a detonator, a neutron source, a reflective layer and a shell. The nuclear charge is the key, and high-purity fissile material is required. The structure of a hydrogen bomb is more complex. In addition to containing some components of the atomic bomb to provide ignition conditions, there are fusion materials and specially designed structures to ensure the smooth occurrence of nuclear fusion under high temperature and high pressure. Fusion materials are common in lithium deuteride-6, which has the characteristics of storing both deuterium and lithium. Lithium can produce tritium in nuclear reactions.
Finally, the impact. The atomic bomb exploded, causing instantaneous bright light, high temperature, shock waves and nuclear radiation to wreak havoc. After the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the cities were instantly scorched to earth, countless lives were devastated, and the survivors were also tortured by nuclear radiation, causing physical and mental damage. The impact of the hydrogen bomb explosion is even more serious. In addition to the above damage, due to its huge power, the electromagnetic pulse generated by it can cause large areas of electronic equipment to be paralyzed, and the long-term radioactive fallout range is wider. It has far-reaching damage to the ecological environment and biological genes, causing long-term changes in the landscape and climate.
Although the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb are both products of extreme application of human wisdom and technology, their huge destructive power also always reminds the world that the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the avoidance of nuclear war are the key
Since the advent of firearms, the evolution of weapons has changed with each passing day, to the appearance of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, which are so powerful that they shock the world. Although both are extremely destructive nuclear weapons, the differences between them are worth exploring.
On the principle first. Atomic bombers rely on the principle of nuclear fission. Heavy atomic nuclei, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, are bombarded by neutrons and split into two or more light atomic nuclei. During this process, the mass loss is converted into a huge energy release according to Einstein's mass-energy formula E = mc ². Each fission triggers a chain reaction, and neutrons continue to bombard other atomic nuclei, causing an avalanche of energy.
The principle of hydrogen bombs is based on nuclear fusion. The isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, gather into helium nuclei at extremely high temperatures and pressures. This process also loses mass and releases massive energy. The sun shines and heats up, which is a natural example of nuclear fusion. To make hydrogen bomb nuclear fusion occur, atomic bomb explosions are often required to provide an initial high temperature and high pressure environment.
Secondary power. The power of atomic bombs is usually measured in terms of "tons of TNT equivalent". The yield of early atomic bombs is mostly in the order of thousands to 10,000 tons. For example, the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are about 15,000 tons and 20,000 tons of TNT. The power of hydrogen bombs is far superior, up to millions of tons or even tens of millions of tons of TNT equivalent. The "Tsar Bomb" tested by the Soviet Union has a yield of 50 million tons of TNT. It is the most powerful nuclear weapon in history. Its damage radius and range are far beyond the reach of an atomic bomb.
Furthermore, structure and materials. The structure of an atomic bomb is composed of a nuclear charge, a detonator, a neutron source, a reflective layer and a shell. The nuclear charge is the key, and high-purity fissile material is required. The structure of a hydrogen bomb is more complex. In addition to containing some components of the atomic bomb to provide ignition conditions, there are fusion materials and specially designed structures to ensure the smooth occurrence of nuclear fusion under high temperature and high pressure. Fusion materials are common in lithium deuteride-6, which has the characteristics of storing both deuterium and lithium. Lithium can produce tritium in nuclear reactions.
Finally, the impact. The atomic bomb exploded, causing instantaneous bright light, high temperature, shock waves and nuclear radiation to wreak havoc. After the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the cities were instantly scorched to earth, countless lives were devastated, and the survivors were also tortured by nuclear radiation, causing physical and mental damage. The impact of the hydrogen bomb explosion is even more serious. In addition to the above damage, due to its huge power, the electromagnetic pulse generated by it can cause large areas of electronic equipment to be paralyzed, and the long-term radioactive fallout range is wider. It has far-reaching damage to the ecological environment and biological genes, causing long-term changes in the landscape and climate.
Although the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb are both products of extreme application of human wisdom and technology, their huge destructive power also always reminds the world that the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the avoidance of nuclear war are the key
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