Shanxian Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen Lab
Hydrogen atom spectroscopy experiment
Purpose of experiment
To explore the characteristics of the spectrum of hydrogen atoms and verify the relevant atomic structure theories.
Experimental principle
According to Bohr's theory, the energy level of hydrogen atoms is quantized. When a hydrogen atom transitions from a high energy level to a low energy level, it releases photons whose energy satisfies\ (E = h\ nu\) (where\ (E\) is the photon energy,\ (h\) is the Planck constant, and\ (\ nu\) is the photon frequency). Transitions between different energy levels produce light of different frequencies, thus forming the hydrogen atom spectrum. By measuring the wavelength of spectral lines in the spectrum, the theoretically calculated energy level transition relationship can be verified.
Experimental equipment
1. ** Spectrometer **: Used to accurately measure the wavelength of spectral lines.
2. ** Hydrogen discharge tube **: Provides a light source for hydrogen atoms to emit light.
3. ** Power supply **: Provides the required electrical energy for the excitation of the hydrogen discharge tube.
Experimental steps
1. ** Instrument preparation **: Calibrate the spectrometer to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. Connect the hydrogen discharge tube with the power supply and check whether the circuit connection is correct.
2. ** Excite hydrogen atoms **: Turn on the power supply and adjust the voltage so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen discharge tube is excited to emit a characteristic spectrum.
3. ** Spectral measurement **: Observe the spectrum of hydrogen atoms by spectrometer and record the wavelength values of different spectral lines.
4. ** Data recording and processing **: Record the measured wavelength data, calculate the corresponding energy level transition energy according to the relevant formula, and compare it with the theoretical value.
Experimental results and analysis
1. ** Experimental results **: The wavelength values of several spectral lines in the hydrogen atomic spectrum are obtained, such as the wavelengths of some spectral lines in the Balmer system are\ (\ lambda_1\),\ (\ lambda_2\), etc.
2. ** ANALYSIS **: By substituting the wavelength value measured in the experiment into the energy level transition energy calculated by the relevant formula and comparing it with the theoretical value, it is found that there is a certain deviation. The source of the deviation may be the measurement error of the spectrometer, the instability of the gas environment in the hydrogen discharge tube and other factors. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the formation mechanism of the hydrogen atomic spectrum and the application of related theories are further understood.
Conclusion
Through this experiment, part of the spectral line wavelengths of the hydrogen atomic spectrum were successfully measured, verifying the theory of the quantization of the hydrogen atomic energy level. At the same time, the error factors existing in the experimental process were recognized, which provided a reference for further optimization of the experiment in the future.
Purpose of experiment
To explore the characteristics of the spectrum of hydrogen atoms and verify the relevant atomic structure theories.
Experimental principle
According to Bohr's theory, the energy level of hydrogen atoms is quantized. When a hydrogen atom transitions from a high energy level to a low energy level, it releases photons whose energy satisfies\ (E = h\ nu\) (where\ (E\) is the photon energy,\ (h\) is the Planck constant, and\ (\ nu\) is the photon frequency). Transitions between different energy levels produce light of different frequencies, thus forming the hydrogen atom spectrum. By measuring the wavelength of spectral lines in the spectrum, the theoretically calculated energy level transition relationship can be verified.
Experimental equipment
1. ** Spectrometer **: Used to accurately measure the wavelength of spectral lines.
2. ** Hydrogen discharge tube **: Provides a light source for hydrogen atoms to emit light.
3. ** Power supply **: Provides the required electrical energy for the excitation of the hydrogen discharge tube.
Experimental steps
1. ** Instrument preparation **: Calibrate the spectrometer to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. Connect the hydrogen discharge tube with the power supply and check whether the circuit connection is correct.
2. ** Excite hydrogen atoms **: Turn on the power supply and adjust the voltage so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen discharge tube is excited to emit a characteristic spectrum.
3. ** Spectral measurement **: Observe the spectrum of hydrogen atoms by spectrometer and record the wavelength values of different spectral lines.
4. ** Data recording and processing **: Record the measured wavelength data, calculate the corresponding energy level transition energy according to the relevant formula, and compare it with the theoretical value.
Experimental results and analysis
1. ** Experimental results **: The wavelength values of several spectral lines in the hydrogen atomic spectrum are obtained, such as the wavelengths of some spectral lines in the Balmer system are\ (\ lambda_1\),\ (\ lambda_2\), etc.
2. ** ANALYSIS **: By substituting the wavelength value measured in the experiment into the energy level transition energy calculated by the relevant formula and comparing it with the theoretical value, it is found that there is a certain deviation. The source of the deviation may be the measurement error of the spectrometer, the instability of the gas environment in the hydrogen discharge tube and other factors. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the formation mechanism of the hydrogen atomic spectrum and the application of related theories are further understood.
Conclusion
Through this experiment, part of the spectral line wavelengths of the hydrogen atomic spectrum were successfully measured, verifying the theory of the quantization of the hydrogen atomic energy level. At the same time, the error factors existing in the experimental process were recognized, which provided a reference for further optimization of the experiment in the future.
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