Shanxian Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Define Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are hydrogen bonds formed between specific atoms within the molecule. Its formation requires specific conditions. First, there must be hydrogen atoms in the molecule that can be used as hydrogen bond donors. This hydrogen atom is usually connected to atoms with large electronegativity and small radius (such as nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, etc.). Second, there needs to be atoms that can be used as hydrogen bond receptors, which also have large electronegativity. When the spatial structure of the molecule makes the hydrogen atom of the donor and the receptor atom close and at a suitable angle, it is easy to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds have a great influence on the properties of substances. In terms of physical properties, the melting and boiling point of substances is often lowered. The formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds makes the structure of the molecule more stable, the intermolecular force is weakened, and the substance is more likely to change from solid to liquid or from liquid to gaseous. In terms of chemical properties, it will affect the reactivity of molecules. For example, some compounds containing intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the reactivity at a specific position will be changed by the presence of hydrogen bonds, or the acid-base properties of the molecule will be affected.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds exist widely in many chemical and biological systems. In organic compounds, such as some ortho-substituted phenols, intra-molecular hydrogen bonds are easily formed due to the influence of ortho-groups. In biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, intramolecular hydrogen bonds are essential to maintain their specific spatial structures and biological activities. The secondary structures of proteins, such as α-helix and β-fold, rely on intramolecular hydrogen bonds to maintain their stable structures, thus ensuring the normal performance of proteins' physiological functions.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds have a great influence on the properties of substances. In terms of physical properties, the melting and boiling point of substances is often lowered. The formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds makes the structure of the molecule more stable, the intermolecular force is weakened, and the substance is more likely to change from solid to liquid or from liquid to gaseous. In terms of chemical properties, it will affect the reactivity of molecules. For example, some compounds containing intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the reactivity at a specific position will be changed by the presence of hydrogen bonds, or the acid-base properties of the molecule will be affected.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonds exist widely in many chemical and biological systems. In organic compounds, such as some ortho-substituted phenols, intra-molecular hydrogen bonds are easily formed due to the influence of ortho-groups. In biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, intramolecular hydrogen bonds are essential to maintain their specific spatial structures and biological activities. The secondary structures of proteins, such as α-helix and β-fold, rely on intramolecular hydrogen bonds to maintain their stable structures, thus ensuring the normal performance of proteins' physiological functions.
Scan to WhatsApp
