Shanxian Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Difference Between Ionic And Hydrogen Bonds
The difference between ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds
Between heaven and earth, everything is connected by various chemical bonds. Ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds are two types of important chemical bonds, and their properties and functions are significantly different.
Ionic bonds are mostly formed between metals and non-metallic elements. Metal atoms lose electrons to cations, non-metallic atoms easily gain electrons to anions, and anions and cations form ionic bonds due to strong electrostatic action. This bond is very strong, such as sodium chloride ($NaCl $), sodium atoms lose an electron to form sodium ions ($Na ^ + $), chlorine atoms gain this electron to form chloride ions ($Cl ^ - $), and the two are combined by ionic bonds to form a stable crystal structure. Ionic compounds usually have a high melting point and boiling point, because their melting or boiling requires the destruction of strong ionic bonds. And in the molten state or aqueous solution, the ionic bond can be broken, and the ions can move freely, so they can conduct electricity.
In contrast, hydrogen bonds are not traditional chemical bonds, but are a special force between molecules. The formation of hydrogen atoms requires covalent bonding with atoms with large electronegativity and small radius (such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen). Hydrogen atoms are partially positive due to their shared electron pairs being biased towards electronegative large atoms, and can attract lone pairs of electronegative large atoms in another molecule, which is a hydrogen bond. In water ($H_2O $), hydrogen is covalently bound to oxygen, and hydrogen is partially positively charged, which can form hydrogen bonds with lone pairs of electrons in oxygen atoms in adjacent water molecules. The force of hydrogen bonding is weaker than that of ionic bonds, but it has a great impact on the properties of substances. Due to the existence of hydrogen bonds, the boiling point of water is higher than that of hydrides of the same family, and the density of ice is lower than that of water. Due to hydrogen bonds, water molecules form a specific crystal structure.
Ionic bonds are based on the electrostatic action of anions and cations, which make compounds have high melting point, high boiling point and good conductivity. Hydrogen bonds, as a special intermolecular force, although weaker than ionic bonds, have an important impact on the melting and boiling point, solubility and molecular structure of substances. The two have significant differences in nature, strength and influence on the properties of substances. They can develop their own capabilities in the chemical world and build diverse states of substances together.
Between heaven and earth, everything is connected by various chemical bonds. Ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds are two types of important chemical bonds, and their properties and functions are significantly different.
Ionic bonds are mostly formed between metals and non-metallic elements. Metal atoms lose electrons to cations, non-metallic atoms easily gain electrons to anions, and anions and cations form ionic bonds due to strong electrostatic action. This bond is very strong, such as sodium chloride ($NaCl $), sodium atoms lose an electron to form sodium ions ($Na ^ + $), chlorine atoms gain this electron to form chloride ions ($Cl ^ - $), and the two are combined by ionic bonds to form a stable crystal structure. Ionic compounds usually have a high melting point and boiling point, because their melting or boiling requires the destruction of strong ionic bonds. And in the molten state or aqueous solution, the ionic bond can be broken, and the ions can move freely, so they can conduct electricity.
In contrast, hydrogen bonds are not traditional chemical bonds, but are a special force between molecules. The formation of hydrogen atoms requires covalent bonding with atoms with large electronegativity and small radius (such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen). Hydrogen atoms are partially positive due to their shared electron pairs being biased towards electronegative large atoms, and can attract lone pairs of electronegative large atoms in another molecule, which is a hydrogen bond. In water ($H_2O $), hydrogen is covalently bound to oxygen, and hydrogen is partially positively charged, which can form hydrogen bonds with lone pairs of electrons in oxygen atoms in adjacent water molecules. The force of hydrogen bonding is weaker than that of ionic bonds, but it has a great impact on the properties of substances. Due to the existence of hydrogen bonds, the boiling point of water is higher than that of hydrides of the same family, and the density of ice is lower than that of water. Due to hydrogen bonds, water molecules form a specific crystal structure.
Ionic bonds are based on the electrostatic action of anions and cations, which make compounds have high melting point, high boiling point and good conductivity. Hydrogen bonds, as a special intermolecular force, although weaker than ionic bonds, have an important impact on the melting and boiling point, solubility and molecular structure of substances. The two have significant differences in nature, strength and influence on the properties of substances. They can develop their own capabilities in the chemical world and build diverse states of substances together.
Scan to WhatsApp
