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Electron Velocity in Hydrogen Atom
On the speed of electrons in hydrogen atoms
The hydrogen atom is a wonderful thing in the microscopic world. The speed of electrons is related to the mystery of physics.
Look at the structure of the atom, the nucleus is located in the center, like Beichen Zun, the electron revolves around it, like the arch of the stars. Electrons in hydrogen atoms travel at the speed, just like a meteor.
The reason for its speed is derived from the law of electromagnetism. The nucleus is positively charged, the electron is negatively charged, and the opposite sex attracts, so the electron moves around the nucleus in a circle. According to classical mechanics and electromagnetism, the force on the electron is the Coulomb attractive force, which is the centripetal force for its circular motion.
Let the nucleus charge be\ (Q\), the electron charge be\ (q\), the electron orbital radius is\ (r\), the electron mass is\ (m\), and the velocity is\ (v\). From Coulomb's law and the centripetal force formula, we can get:\ (k\ frac {Qq} {r ^ {2}} = m\ frac {v ^ {2}} {r}\), where\ (k\) is the electrostatic force constant.
It can be deduced that the electron velocity\ (v =\ sqrt {\ frac {kQq} {mr}}\). From this formula, it can be seen that the speed of electrons is related to the nucleus and the electricity of electrons, and is also closely related to the radius of orbits.
However, the rise of quantum mechanics has modified this classical theory. Quantum theory holds that electrons do not have a definite orbit in an atom, and their position and velocity are presented in the form of probability clouds. However, under a specific energy state, the statistical mean of electron velocity and other related physical quantities can still be obtained.
In short, the study of electron velocity in hydrogen atoms, from classical to quantum, is gradually becoming more complete, but the mystery remains to be explored by our generation to reveal the true meaning of the microscopic world.
The hydrogen atom is a wonderful thing in the microscopic world. The speed of electrons is related to the mystery of physics.
Look at the structure of the atom, the nucleus is located in the center, like Beichen Zun, the electron revolves around it, like the arch of the stars. Electrons in hydrogen atoms travel at the speed, just like a meteor.
The reason for its speed is derived from the law of electromagnetism. The nucleus is positively charged, the electron is negatively charged, and the opposite sex attracts, so the electron moves around the nucleus in a circle. According to classical mechanics and electromagnetism, the force on the electron is the Coulomb attractive force, which is the centripetal force for its circular motion.
Let the nucleus charge be\ (Q\), the electron charge be\ (q\), the electron orbital radius is\ (r\), the electron mass is\ (m\), and the velocity is\ (v\). From Coulomb's law and the centripetal force formula, we can get:\ (k\ frac {Qq} {r ^ {2}} = m\ frac {v ^ {2}} {r}\), where\ (k\) is the electrostatic force constant.
It can be deduced that the electron velocity\ (v =\ sqrt {\ frac {kQq} {mr}}\). From this formula, it can be seen that the speed of electrons is related to the nucleus and the electricity of electrons, and is also closely related to the radius of orbits.
However, the rise of quantum mechanics has modified this classical theory. Quantum theory holds that electrons do not have a definite orbit in an atom, and their position and velocity are presented in the form of probability clouds. However, under a specific energy state, the statistical mean of electron velocity and other related physical quantities can still be obtained.
In short, the study of electron velocity in hydrogen atoms, from classical to quantum, is gradually becoming more complete, but the mystery remains to be explored by our generation to reveal the true meaning of the microscopic world.
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