Electronic Structure of Hydrogen
The Electronic Structure of Hydrogen
The one who dominates heaven and earth, the reverse journey of all things; the one who passes through time, the traveler of a hundred generations. However, in the tiny realm, there are also mysterious principles. Today's discussion of the electronic structure of hydrogen is to glimpse a corner of the microscopic world.
Hydrogen is the beginning of the element, and the atomic number is one. Its atomic structure is simple, with one proton living in the nucleus and one electron around it. The state of electrons is not like macroscopic things that follow the rules, and it is truly quantum.
Electrons are in hydrogen atoms, and their energy levels are discrete. The principal quantum number\ (n\) determines its main energy level,\ (n = 1, 2, 3,\ cdots\). When\ (n = 1\), the electron is in the ground state, with the lowest energy and the most stable. If external energy is obtained, the electron can jump to a higher energy level, that is, the state where the value of\ (n\) increases, which is an excited state.
The orbit of the electron is also not a classical circular trajectory. In quantum mechanics, the position of the electron is represented by a probability cloud. The angular quantum number\ (l\) and the magnetic quantum number\ (m_l\) determine the shape and orientation of the probability cloud. \ (l = 0, 1, 2,\ cdots, n - 1\), when\ (l = 0\), is the\ (s\) orbital, with spherical symmetry;\ (l = 1\), is the\ (p\) orbital, with the shape of a dumbbell.
Spin quantum number\ (m_s\) gives electrons spin properties and takes the value\ (\ pm\ frac {1} {2}\). These four quantum numbers completely describe the state of electrons in hydrogen atoms.
The electronic structure of hydrogen, although simple, contains the truth of heaven and earth. Its quantum properties are the cornerstone of understanding the microscopic world and the source of all scientific and technological development.
The one who dominates heaven and earth, the reverse journey of all things; the one who passes through time, the traveler of a hundred generations. However, in the tiny realm, there are also mysterious principles. Today's discussion of the electronic structure of hydrogen is to glimpse a corner of the microscopic world.
Hydrogen is the beginning of the element, and the atomic number is one. Its atomic structure is simple, with one proton living in the nucleus and one electron around it. The state of electrons is not like macroscopic things that follow the rules, and it is truly quantum.
Electrons are in hydrogen atoms, and their energy levels are discrete. The principal quantum number\ (n\) determines its main energy level,\ (n = 1, 2, 3,\ cdots\). When\ (n = 1\), the electron is in the ground state, with the lowest energy and the most stable. If external energy is obtained, the electron can jump to a higher energy level, that is, the state where the value of\ (n\) increases, which is an excited state.
The orbit of the electron is also not a classical circular trajectory. In quantum mechanics, the position of the electron is represented by a probability cloud. The angular quantum number\ (l\) and the magnetic quantum number\ (m_l\) determine the shape and orientation of the probability cloud. \ (l = 0, 1, 2,\ cdots, n - 1\), when\ (l = 0\), is the\ (s\) orbital, with spherical symmetry;\ (l = 1\), is the\ (p\) orbital, with the shape of a dumbbell.
Spin quantum number\ (m_s\) gives electrons spin properties and takes the value\ (\ pm\ frac {1} {2}\). These four quantum numbers completely describe the state of electrons in hydrogen atoms.
The electronic structure of hydrogen, although simple, contains the truth of heaven and earth. Its quantum properties are the cornerstone of understanding the microscopic world and the source of all scientific and technological development.

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