Shanxian Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Experiment11 Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen
Hydrogen atomic spectroscopy experiment
Purpose
To explore the characteristics and related principles of hydrogen atomic spectroscopy.
Principle of experiment
Hydrogen atomic spectroscopy is composed of a series of discontinuous spectral lines whose wavelengths follow specific laws. According to Bohr's theory, electrons in hydrogen atoms absorb or emit photons of specific frequencies when transitioning between different energy levels, resulting in corresponding spectral lines. Its wavelength can be calculated by the Rydberg formula:\ (\ frac {1} {\ lambda} = R_H (\ frac {1} {n_1 ^ 2} -\ frac {1} {n_2 ^ 2}) \), where\ (\ lambda\) is the spectral line wavelength,\ (R_H\) is the Rydberg constant,\ (n_1\),\ (n_2\) are quantum numbers, and\ (n_2 > n_1\).
Experimental instrument
1. ** Spectrometer **: used to accurately measure the wavelength of spectral lines.
2. ** Hydrogen discharge tube **: a light source that provides the emission spectrum of hydrogen atoms.
3. ** Power supply **: Provides the required energy for excitation of the hydrogen discharge tube.
Experimental steps
1. ** Instrument preparation **
- Install the hydrogen discharge tube in a suitable position and connect it to the power supply, ensuring that the connection is firm and safe.
- Preheat and calibrate the spectrometer so that it can achieve the best working condition, enabling accurate measurement of wavelengths.
2. ** Spectral observation and measurement **
- Turn on the power supply, so that the hydrogen discharge tube starts to discharge, generating a hydrogen atomic spectrum.
- Through the observation window of the spectrometer, carefully observe the spectral line distribution of the hydrogen atomic spectrum.
- Use a spectrometer to measure the wavelength of each apparent spectral line and record the measurement data.
3. ** Data Processing **
- According to the measured wavelength data, substitute the Rydberg formula\ (\ frac {1} {\ lambda} = R_H (\ frac {1} {n_1 ^ 2} -\ frac {1} {n_2 ^ 2}) \).
- Calculate the Rydberg constant\ (R_H\) by trying different\ (n_1\),\ (n_2\) values, and compare it with the theoretical value to analyze the source of error.
Precautions
1. When operating the power supply, be sure to pay attention to safety to prevent electric shock accidents.
2. Hydrogen discharge tube is working at a high temperature, avoid direct touch and prevent burns.
3. Spectrometer is a precision instrument. Be careful during operation to avoid collisions and misoperation, which will affect the measurement accuracy.
Purpose
To explore the characteristics and related principles of hydrogen atomic spectroscopy.
Principle of experiment
Hydrogen atomic spectroscopy is composed of a series of discontinuous spectral lines whose wavelengths follow specific laws. According to Bohr's theory, electrons in hydrogen atoms absorb or emit photons of specific frequencies when transitioning between different energy levels, resulting in corresponding spectral lines. Its wavelength can be calculated by the Rydberg formula:\ (\ frac {1} {\ lambda} = R_H (\ frac {1} {n_1 ^ 2} -\ frac {1} {n_2 ^ 2}) \), where\ (\ lambda\) is the spectral line wavelength,\ (R_H\) is the Rydberg constant,\ (n_1\),\ (n_2\) are quantum numbers, and\ (n_2 > n_1\).
Experimental instrument
1. ** Spectrometer **: used to accurately measure the wavelength of spectral lines.
2. ** Hydrogen discharge tube **: a light source that provides the emission spectrum of hydrogen atoms.
3. ** Power supply **: Provides the required energy for excitation of the hydrogen discharge tube.
Experimental steps
1. ** Instrument preparation **
- Install the hydrogen discharge tube in a suitable position and connect it to the power supply, ensuring that the connection is firm and safe.
- Preheat and calibrate the spectrometer so that it can achieve the best working condition, enabling accurate measurement of wavelengths.
2. ** Spectral observation and measurement **
- Turn on the power supply, so that the hydrogen discharge tube starts to discharge, generating a hydrogen atomic spectrum.
- Through the observation window of the spectrometer, carefully observe the spectral line distribution of the hydrogen atomic spectrum.
- Use a spectrometer to measure the wavelength of each apparent spectral line and record the measurement data.
3. ** Data Processing **
- According to the measured wavelength data, substitute the Rydberg formula\ (\ frac {1} {\ lambda} = R_H (\ frac {1} {n_1 ^ 2} -\ frac {1} {n_2 ^ 2}) \).
- Calculate the Rydberg constant\ (R_H\) by trying different\ (n_1\),\ (n_2\) values, and compare it with the theoretical value to analyze the source of error.
Precautions
1. When operating the power supply, be sure to pay attention to safety to prevent electric shock accidents.
2. Hydrogen discharge tube is working at a high temperature, avoid direct touch and prevent burns.
3. Spectrometer is a precision instrument. Be careful during operation to avoid collisions and misoperation, which will affect the measurement accuracy.
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