Shanxian Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Explanation Of Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen is light gas, and its nature is active. The principle of hydrogen bonding is actually a special intermolecular force.
When a hydrogen atom is connected to an atom with a large electronegativity and a small radius (such as fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) by a covalent bond, the hydrogen atom is slightly positively charged due to the strong attraction of the electron cloud. At this time, the hydrogen atom will attract another atom with a large electronegativity and a lone pair of electrons. This attraction is called a hydrogen bond.
For example, in water (H2O O), hydrogen and oxygen are covalently bonded, and hydrogen is positively charged. The oxygen atom of the adjacent water molecule contains lone pairs of electrons, and a hydrogen bond is formed between hydrogen and oxygen. Although the force of hydrogen bonding is weaker than that of chemical bonds, it has a great influence on the physical and chemical properties of the substance. Phenomena such as the abnormally high boiling point of water and the lower density of ice than water are closely related to hydrogen bonds. Because it binds molecules more tightly, it requires more energy to change the state of matter, so it affects the melting and boiling point of matter. And in biological systems, hydrogen bonds also play a key role, such as the maintenance of DNA double helix structure, the formation of protein secondary structure, etc., all rely on the force of hydrogen bonds.
When a hydrogen atom is connected to an atom with a large electronegativity and a small radius (such as fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) by a covalent bond, the hydrogen atom is slightly positively charged due to the strong attraction of the electron cloud. At this time, the hydrogen atom will attract another atom with a large electronegativity and a lone pair of electrons. This attraction is called a hydrogen bond.
For example, in water (H2O O), hydrogen and oxygen are covalently bonded, and hydrogen is positively charged. The oxygen atom of the adjacent water molecule contains lone pairs of electrons, and a hydrogen bond is formed between hydrogen and oxygen. Although the force of hydrogen bonding is weaker than that of chemical bonds, it has a great influence on the physical and chemical properties of the substance. Phenomena such as the abnormally high boiling point of water and the lower density of ice than water are closely related to hydrogen bonds. Because it binds molecules more tightly, it requires more energy to change the state of matter, so it affects the melting and boiling point of matter. And in biological systems, hydrogen bonds also play a key role, such as the maintenance of DNA double helix structure, the formation of protein secondary structure, etc., all rely on the force of hydrogen bonds.
Scan to WhatsApp
