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How Hydrogen Bonds Form
The formation of hydrogen bonds is related to the interaction between hydrogen and strongly electronegative atoms.
Common strong electronegative atoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine, when they are covalently connected to hydrogen, due to the difference in electronegativity, the electron cloud is biased towards strongly electronegative atoms, and hydrogen is positively charged.
When this hydrogen with micro-positive electricity encounters another strong electronegative atom, and it has a lone pair of electrons, there is a weak interaction between the two, which is a hydrogen bond. This effect is not strong in covalent bonds, but plays an important role in many chemical and biological phenomena.
For example, the characteristics of water, ice floating in water, and the high boiling point of water are all the work of hydrogen bonds. In the water-capping molecule, hydrogen is connected to oxygen, hydrogen is slightly positive, and the oxygen of the adjacent water molecule has a lone pair of electrons, so it forms a hydrogen bond, which causes water to have this unique property. For example, the structure maintenance of proteins and nucleic acids also depends on the force of hydrogen bonds to maintain the stability and function of biological macromolecules.
Common strong electronegative atoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine, when they are covalently connected to hydrogen, due to the difference in electronegativity, the electron cloud is biased towards strongly electronegative atoms, and hydrogen is positively charged.
When this hydrogen with micro-positive electricity encounters another strong electronegative atom, and it has a lone pair of electrons, there is a weak interaction between the two, which is a hydrogen bond. This effect is not strong in covalent bonds, but plays an important role in many chemical and biological phenomena.
For example, the characteristics of water, ice floating in water, and the high boiling point of water are all the work of hydrogen bonds. In the water-capping molecule, hydrogen is connected to oxygen, hydrogen is slightly positive, and the oxygen of the adjacent water molecule has a lone pair of electrons, so it forms a hydrogen bond, which causes water to have this unique property. For example, the structure maintenance of proteins and nucleic acids also depends on the force of hydrogen bonds to maintain the stability and function of biological macromolecules.
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