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Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Forces
"On the Intermolecular Forces of Hydrogen Bonds"
Everything in the world is formed by the aggregation and dispersion of particles, and the force of interaction between them is the key. The forces between hydrogen bonds are particularly wonderful and have far-reaching effects.
Hydrogen bonds are not as strong as chemical bonds, but they have unique characteristics. Its formation also stems from the combination of hydrogen atoms and atoms with large electronegativity and small radius (such as fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.), and the hydrogen nucleus is exposed, causing it to have a special attraction with adjacent electronegative atoms. Although this force is weaker than chemical bonds, it has extraordinary effects in many phenomena.
Looking at the physical properties of matter, the force of hydrogen bonds is very powerful. In the case of water, the boiling point is abnormally high due to hydrogen bonds. In terms of molecular weight alone, the boiling point of water should be much lower than the current situation. However, due to the vertical and horizontal hydrogen bonds between water molecules, it takes more energy to vaporize it to break the hydrogen bond, so the boiling point of water is quite high. And the density of water is the largest at 4 ° C, also due to the action of hydrogen bonds. When cooling, water molecules gradually arrange regularly, hydrogen bonds increase, intermolecular voids increase, and density decreases; when heating up, some hydrogen bonds break, molecular spacing decreases, and density increases. When 4 ° C reaches equilibrium, the density is the maximum.
Looking at biological systems again, the force between hydrogen bonds is also indispensable. The secondary structure of proteins, the stability of alpha-helix and beta-folding, and the hydrogen bond are the most important. In the complementary pairing of bases, the pairing between adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine depends on hydrogen bonds, which is the foundation for the accurate transmission of genetic information. Without hydrogen bonds, the delicate structure and orderly inheritance of life are impossible.
Therefore, although the force between hydrogen bonds is subtle, it is crucial to the state of all things and the continuation of life. Exploring this force is one of the secrets of nature and the cornerstone of scientific progress.
Everything in the world is formed by the aggregation and dispersion of particles, and the force of interaction between them is the key. The forces between hydrogen bonds are particularly wonderful and have far-reaching effects.
Hydrogen bonds are not as strong as chemical bonds, but they have unique characteristics. Its formation also stems from the combination of hydrogen atoms and atoms with large electronegativity and small radius (such as fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.), and the hydrogen nucleus is exposed, causing it to have a special attraction with adjacent electronegative atoms. Although this force is weaker than chemical bonds, it has extraordinary effects in many phenomena.
Looking at the physical properties of matter, the force of hydrogen bonds is very powerful. In the case of water, the boiling point is abnormally high due to hydrogen bonds. In terms of molecular weight alone, the boiling point of water should be much lower than the current situation. However, due to the vertical and horizontal hydrogen bonds between water molecules, it takes more energy to vaporize it to break the hydrogen bond, so the boiling point of water is quite high. And the density of water is the largest at 4 ° C, also due to the action of hydrogen bonds. When cooling, water molecules gradually arrange regularly, hydrogen bonds increase, intermolecular voids increase, and density decreases; when heating up, some hydrogen bonds break, molecular spacing decreases, and density increases. When 4 ° C reaches equilibrium, the density is the maximum.
Looking at biological systems again, the force between hydrogen bonds is also indispensable. The secondary structure of proteins, the stability of alpha-helix and beta-folding, and the hydrogen bond are the most important. In the complementary pairing of bases, the pairing between adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine depends on hydrogen bonds, which is the foundation for the accurate transmission of genetic information. Without hydrogen bonds, the delicate structure and orderly inheritance of life are impossible.
Therefore, although the force between hydrogen bonds is subtle, it is crucial to the state of all things and the continuation of life. Exploring this force is one of the secrets of nature and the cornerstone of scientific progress.
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