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Hydrogen Bonds and Boiling Point
Hydrogen bond and boiling point
The boiling point of the male matter is related to the intermolecular force, and the hydrogen bond has special work between them.
Hydrogen bond, a genus of non-chemical bonds, is a strong interaction between molecules. When hydrogen atoms and atoms with large electronegativity and small radius (such as fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen) are connected by covalent bonds, hydrogen atoms are partially positively charged, and there are electronegativity atoms next to them, hydrogen bonds are formed between the two.
Looking at all substances, the boiling point of water is quite high, which is the force of hydrogen bonds. In water molecules, hydrogen is connected to oxygen, and hydrogen is positive. The oxygen of adjacent water molecules has a lone pair of electrons, and the two form a hydrogen bond. Many water molecules are intertwined by hydrogen bonds, and in order to gasify them, many hydrogen bonds need to be broken, so the energy consumption is high and the boiling point is high. Compared with other substances with similar structures but no hydrogen bonds, such as hydrogen sulfide, there is only van der Waals force between molecules, which is weak, and the boiling point is much lower than that of water.
If ammonia has a large nitrogen electronegativity, and ammonia molecules also have hydrogen bonds. This makes the boiling point of ammonia higher than that of phosphine of the same family. There is no hydrogen bond between phosphine molecules, only van der Waals force, so the boiling point is low.
Furthermore, in hydrofluoric acid, the fluorine electronegativity is extremely strong, and the hydrogen bond between hydrofluoric acid molecules is significant, and the boiling point is higher than that of hydrides of the same family.
From this point of view, the existence of hydrogen bonds greatly increases the intermolecular force, which increases the boiling point of a substance. In order to explore the change of the boiling point of a substance, the influence of hydrogen bonds cannot be ignored, which is essential for the transformation of matter properties and states.
The boiling point of the male matter is related to the intermolecular force, and the hydrogen bond has special work between them.
Hydrogen bond, a genus of non-chemical bonds, is a strong interaction between molecules. When hydrogen atoms and atoms with large electronegativity and small radius (such as fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen) are connected by covalent bonds, hydrogen atoms are partially positively charged, and there are electronegativity atoms next to them, hydrogen bonds are formed between the two.
Looking at all substances, the boiling point of water is quite high, which is the force of hydrogen bonds. In water molecules, hydrogen is connected to oxygen, and hydrogen is positive. The oxygen of adjacent water molecules has a lone pair of electrons, and the two form a hydrogen bond. Many water molecules are intertwined by hydrogen bonds, and in order to gasify them, many hydrogen bonds need to be broken, so the energy consumption is high and the boiling point is high. Compared with other substances with similar structures but no hydrogen bonds, such as hydrogen sulfide, there is only van der Waals force between molecules, which is weak, and the boiling point is much lower than that of water.
If ammonia has a large nitrogen electronegativity, and ammonia molecules also have hydrogen bonds. This makes the boiling point of ammonia higher than that of phosphine of the same family. There is no hydrogen bond between phosphine molecules, only van der Waals force, so the boiling point is low.
Furthermore, in hydrofluoric acid, the fluorine electronegativity is extremely strong, and the hydrogen bond between hydrofluoric acid molecules is significant, and the boiling point is higher than that of hydrides of the same family.
From this point of view, the existence of hydrogen bonds greatly increases the intermolecular force, which increases the boiling point of a substance. In order to explore the change of the boiling point of a substance, the influence of hydrogen bonds cannot be ignored, which is essential for the transformation of matter properties and states.
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