Shanxian Chemical
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Hydrogen Bonds Between Molecule Types
The formation of hydrogen bonds between molecules
is related to the phase of particles, and hydrogen bonds are a specific attractive force between molecules. To understand what kind of molecules hydrogen bonds are formed between, it is necessary to study the reasons in detail.
The formation of hydrogen bonds requires two requirements. First, the donor molecule must have hydrogen atoms tightly attached to atoms with strong electronegativity (such as nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine). Hydrogen is connected to such atoms, because the atoms are highly electronegative, causing hydrogen atoms to be partially positively charged. Second, the receptor molecule must contain atoms with lone pairs of electrons and strong electronegativity.
When these two are present, the partially positively charged hydrogen atom in the donor molecule will attract each other with the strong electronegative atoms with lone pairs of electrons in the receptor molecule, thus forming a hydrogen bond.
If in a water molecule, hydrogen is connected to oxygen, and the oxygen is highly electronegative, and the hydrogen is partially positively charged. The oxygen of other water molecules has lone pairs of electrons, and the water molecules can form hydrogen bonds. In ammonia molecules, hydrogen is connected to nitrogen, and nitrogen is also highly electronegative, and hydrogen is partially positively charged. It also has the opportunity to form hydrogen bonds with the molecules where the electronegative strong atoms containing lone pairs of electrons are located.
In summary, hydrogen bonds are mostly formed between molecules containing hydrogen and electronegative strong atoms (nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, etc.), and molecules containing lone pairs of electrons and electronegative strong atoms. This is the principle of hydrogen bonding between molecules.
is related to the phase of particles, and hydrogen bonds are a specific attractive force between molecules. To understand what kind of molecules hydrogen bonds are formed between, it is necessary to study the reasons in detail.
The formation of hydrogen bonds requires two requirements. First, the donor molecule must have hydrogen atoms tightly attached to atoms with strong electronegativity (such as nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine). Hydrogen is connected to such atoms, because the atoms are highly electronegative, causing hydrogen atoms to be partially positively charged. Second, the receptor molecule must contain atoms with lone pairs of electrons and strong electronegativity.
When these two are present, the partially positively charged hydrogen atom in the donor molecule will attract each other with the strong electronegative atoms with lone pairs of electrons in the receptor molecule, thus forming a hydrogen bond.
If in a water molecule, hydrogen is connected to oxygen, and the oxygen is highly electronegative, and the hydrogen is partially positively charged. The oxygen of other water molecules has lone pairs of electrons, and the water molecules can form hydrogen bonds. In ammonia molecules, hydrogen is connected to nitrogen, and nitrogen is also highly electronegative, and hydrogen is partially positively charged. It also has the opportunity to form hydrogen bonds with the molecules where the electronegative strong atoms containing lone pairs of electrons are located.
In summary, hydrogen bonds are mostly formed between molecules containing hydrogen and electronegative strong atoms (nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, etc.), and molecules containing lone pairs of electrons and electronegative strong atoms. This is the principle of hydrogen bonding between molecules.
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