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Hydrogen Bonds in Water Freezing
The change of hydrogen bonds when water freezes
Water is the softest in the world, but when it freezes, its hydrogen bonds change, which is worth exploring.
In normal water, water molecules are flexible and lively, and hydrogen bonds are also in dynamic equilibrium. Water molecules are connected by hydrogen bonds. However, this bond is not indestructible, but constantly breaks and forms with the thermal movement of the molecules.
and the cooling of water approaches the freezing point, and the thermal movement of water molecules gradually slows down. At this time, the hydrogen bond effect is prominent. In order to reach a stable state with the lowest energy, water molecules are arranged in an orderly manner by the force of hydrogen bonds. Each water molecule is connected to the surrounding tetrahydrate molecules by hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional lattice structure.
When water finally turns into ice, this ordered structure is firmly established. At this time, the number of hydrogen bonds increases and is relatively fixed. Compared with liquid water, the hydrogen bond length in ice is slightly longer, and the bond energy also changes. Due to the relatively fixed position of water molecules in the crystal lattice, hydrogen bonds are more regular, and the density of ice is less than that of liquid water.
This change is of great significance to both nature and life. Rivers, lakes and seas freeze in winter, and ice floats on the surface to keep underwater life warm. This is all due to the wonderful changes in hydrogen bonds when water freezes.
Water is the softest in the world, but when it freezes, its hydrogen bonds change, which is worth exploring.
In normal water, water molecules are flexible and lively, and hydrogen bonds are also in dynamic equilibrium. Water molecules are connected by hydrogen bonds. However, this bond is not indestructible, but constantly breaks and forms with the thermal movement of the molecules.
and the cooling of water approaches the freezing point, and the thermal movement of water molecules gradually slows down. At this time, the hydrogen bond effect is prominent. In order to reach a stable state with the lowest energy, water molecules are arranged in an orderly manner by the force of hydrogen bonds. Each water molecule is connected to the surrounding tetrahydrate molecules by hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional lattice structure.
When water finally turns into ice, this ordered structure is firmly established. At this time, the number of hydrogen bonds increases and is relatively fixed. Compared with liquid water, the hydrogen bond length in ice is slightly longer, and the bond energy also changes. Due to the relatively fixed position of water molecules in the crystal lattice, hydrogen bonds are more regular, and the density of ice is less than that of liquid water.
This change is of great significance to both nature and life. Rivers, lakes and seas freeze in winter, and ice floats on the surface to keep underwater life warm. This is all due to the wonderful changes in hydrogen bonds when water freezes.
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