Shanxian Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Hydrogen Gas Msds
Hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas, lighter than air, and difficult to dissolve in water. Its chemical properties are lively, flammable and reducing. It is widely used in industry, energy and other fields, but it also has certain safety risks, which cannot be ignored.
1. Physical and chemical properties
1. ** Physical properties **: Under normal temperature and pressure, hydrogen is gaseous, with a density of about\ (0.0899g/L\), which is only more than one-fourteenth of air, making it the lightest gas in the world. Melting point is\ (-259.14 ℃\), boiling point is\ (-252.8 ℃\), critical temperature\ (-240\ ℃), critical pressure\ (1.29MPa\).
2. ** Chemical properties **: Hydrogen is flammable. It can burn violently in air or oxygen to produce water, and the flame is light blue. The chemical equation is:\ (2H _ 3 + O _ 3\ stackrel {ignited }{=\!=\!=} 2H _ 3 O\). It is also reductive and can reduce metal oxides to metal elements, such as\ (H _ 3 + CuO\ stackrel {\ triangle }{=\!=\!=} Cu + H _ 3 O\).
Second, the main use
1. ** Industrial field **: In the synthetic ammonia industry, hydrogen is the key raw material. It is synthesized with nitrogen under high temperature, high pressure and catalyst action to form ammonia, which is the basis for nitrogen fertilizer production. The chemical equation is:\ (N ³ + 3H ³\ underset {high temperature and high pressure} {\ stackrel {catalyst }{=\!=\!=}} 2NH 🥰\). In the refining industry, it is used for hydrocracking, hydrorefining and other processes to improve the quality of oil and reduce the content of impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen.
2. ** Energy field **: Hydrogen is used as a clean energy source, and the combustion product is only water, which is pollution-free. It is regarded as one of the ideal energy sources in the future. It can be used for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction to provide power for vehicles. It has the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection.
3. ** Other fields **: In the metallurgical industry for metal smelting, such as the reduction of refractory metals such as tungsten and molybdenum; in the electronics industry for the preparation of semiconductor materials, etc.
III. Hazardous characteristics
1. ** Combustion explosion hazard **: Hydrogen mixed with air can form an explosive mixture. In case of open flame and high heat, it can cause combustion explosion. Its explosion limit is\ (4.0\% - 75.6\%\) (volume fraction), that is, when the content of hydrogen in the air is in this range, it is very easy to explode in case of fire source, which is extremely harmful.
2. ** Health Hazards **: Although hydrogen itself is non-toxic, a high concentration of hydrogen environment can cause asphyxiation. When the hydrogen content in the air increases significantly, the oxygen content is relatively reduced, and the human body can experience symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and breathing difficulties due to hypoxia after inhalation. In severe cases, it can cause coma or even death.
IV. Safety Measures
1. ** Storage Safety **: Hydrogen should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed\ (30 ° C\). It should be stored separately from oxidants and halogens, and should not be mixed. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities, and prohibit the use of machinery and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment.
2. ** Safe to use **: When using hydrogen, ensure that the workplace is well ventilated, set up a combustible gas alarm device, and monitor the hydrogen concentration in real time. During operation, the operating procedures should be strictly followed, and fireworks should be strictly prohibited to prevent hydrogen leakage. If it is necessary to carry out hot fire operation, the hydrogen concentration detection must be carried out in the working area first, and the operation can be carried out after passing the qualification, and corresponding fire prevention and explosion-proof measures should be taken.
3. ** Emergency treatment **: If hydrogen leakage occurs, the personnel in the leaking contaminated area should be quickly evacuated to the upwind, and quarantined, and strictly restricted access. To cut off the fire source, it is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-static work clothes. Cut off the leakage source as much as possible, ventilate reasonably, and accelerate the spread. If possible, send the leaking air to an open place with an exhaust fan or install a suitable nozzle to burn it. The leaking container should be properly disposed of, repaired, inspected and then used. If anyone suffocates with hydrogen, it should be immediately moved to a fresh place, artificial respiration, and timely medical treatment.
1. Physical and chemical properties
1. ** Physical properties **: Under normal temperature and pressure, hydrogen is gaseous, with a density of about\ (0.0899g/L\), which is only more than one-fourteenth of air, making it the lightest gas in the world. Melting point is\ (-259.14 ℃\), boiling point is\ (-252.8 ℃\), critical temperature\ (-240\ ℃), critical pressure\ (1.29MPa\).
2. ** Chemical properties **: Hydrogen is flammable. It can burn violently in air or oxygen to produce water, and the flame is light blue. The chemical equation is:\ (2H _ 3 + O _ 3\ stackrel {ignited }{=\!=\!=} 2H _ 3 O\). It is also reductive and can reduce metal oxides to metal elements, such as\ (H _ 3 + CuO\ stackrel {\ triangle }{=\!=\!=} Cu + H _ 3 O\).
Second, the main use
1. ** Industrial field **: In the synthetic ammonia industry, hydrogen is the key raw material. It is synthesized with nitrogen under high temperature, high pressure and catalyst action to form ammonia, which is the basis for nitrogen fertilizer production. The chemical equation is:\ (N ³ + 3H ³\ underset {high temperature and high pressure} {\ stackrel {catalyst }{=\!=\!=}} 2NH 🥰\). In the refining industry, it is used for hydrocracking, hydrorefining and other processes to improve the quality of oil and reduce the content of impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen.
2. ** Energy field **: Hydrogen is used as a clean energy source, and the combustion product is only water, which is pollution-free. It is regarded as one of the ideal energy sources in the future. It can be used for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction to provide power for vehicles. It has the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection.
3. ** Other fields **: In the metallurgical industry for metal smelting, such as the reduction of refractory metals such as tungsten and molybdenum; in the electronics industry for the preparation of semiconductor materials, etc.
III. Hazardous characteristics
1. ** Combustion explosion hazard **: Hydrogen mixed with air can form an explosive mixture. In case of open flame and high heat, it can cause combustion explosion. Its explosion limit is\ (4.0\% - 75.6\%\) (volume fraction), that is, when the content of hydrogen in the air is in this range, it is very easy to explode in case of fire source, which is extremely harmful.
2. ** Health Hazards **: Although hydrogen itself is non-toxic, a high concentration of hydrogen environment can cause asphyxiation. When the hydrogen content in the air increases significantly, the oxygen content is relatively reduced, and the human body can experience symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and breathing difficulties due to hypoxia after inhalation. In severe cases, it can cause coma or even death.
IV. Safety Measures
1. ** Storage Safety **: Hydrogen should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed\ (30 ° C\). It should be stored separately from oxidants and halogens, and should not be mixed. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities, and prohibit the use of machinery and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment.
2. ** Safe to use **: When using hydrogen, ensure that the workplace is well ventilated, set up a combustible gas alarm device, and monitor the hydrogen concentration in real time. During operation, the operating procedures should be strictly followed, and fireworks should be strictly prohibited to prevent hydrogen leakage. If it is necessary to carry out hot fire operation, the hydrogen concentration detection must be carried out in the working area first, and the operation can be carried out after passing the qualification, and corresponding fire prevention and explosion-proof measures should be taken.
3. ** Emergency treatment **: If hydrogen leakage occurs, the personnel in the leaking contaminated area should be quickly evacuated to the upwind, and quarantined, and strictly restricted access. To cut off the fire source, it is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-static work clothes. Cut off the leakage source as much as possible, ventilate reasonably, and accelerate the spread. If possible, send the leaking air to an open place with an exhaust fan or install a suitable nozzle to burn it. The leaking container should be properly disposed of, repaired, inspected and then used. If anyone suffocates with hydrogen, it should be immediately moved to a fresh place, artificial respiration, and timely medical treatment.
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