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Hydrogen Obtaining Methods
On the production of hydrogen
Hydrogen is also an important chemical element. The method of its production is related to all things and cannot be ignored. Today we discuss its method in detail.
Water gas transformation method
The first is the method of water gas transformation. The water vapor reacts with carbonaceous substances, such as coal and coke, at high temperature. First, the carbon reacts with water vapor to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The reaction formula is: $C + H_ {2} O\ stackrel {high temperature }{=\!=\!=} CO + H_ {2} $. Then, carbon monoxide is further reacted with water vapor to obtain carbon dioxide and more hydrogen. The reaction is as follows: $CO + H_ {2} O\ stackrel {catalyst }{=\!=\!=} CO_ {2} + H_ {2} $. In this process, high temperature is necessary for the catalyst. High temperature can promote the reaction to go faster, and the catalyst can reduce the activation energy of the reaction, making the reaction more likely to occur.
Water electrolysis method
The second is the water electrolysis method. Direct current is passed through the water, and the water is connected to the electrode. At the anode, the hydroxide ion loses electrons, generating oxygen and water. The semi-reactive formula is: $4OH ^ - - 4e ^ - = O_ {2} ↑ + 2H_ {2} O $; at the cathode, the hydrogen ion obtains electrons, generating hydrogen gas. The semi-reactive formula is: $2H ^ ++ 2e ^ - = H_ {2} ↑ $. The total reaction is: $2H_ {2} O\ stackrel {energized }{=\!=\!=} 2H_ {2} ↑ + O_ {2} ↑ $. The hydrogen produced by this method has a high purity. However, it consumes a lot of power and costs a lot, so it is mostly used in places where the purity of hydrogen is strict.
Methanol reforming method
Furthermore, the method of methanol reforming. Methanol and water vapor are reformed under the action of a catalyst to obtain hydrogen. The reaction formula is as follows: $CH_ {3} OH + H_ {2} O\ stackrel {catalyst }{=\!=\!=} CO_ {2} + 3H_ {2} $. Methanol comes from a wide range of sources, and the reaction conditions are relatively mild, and the equipment is not very complicated. The obtained hydrogen can be used in a variety of fuel cell systems and is increasingly used in the energy field.
Biological hydrogen production
There is another method of biological hydrogen production. Using microorganisms, such as certain bacteria, algae, etc., to decompose organic matter or water under specific conditions to produce hydrogen. Some photosynthetic bacteria can produce hydrogen by photosynthesis-related mechanisms under light, using organic matter as the substrate; while some anaerobic bacteria can decompose sugars and other substances to produce hydrogen in an anaerobic environment. This method has the characteristics of green and environmental protection, but it is subject to the harsh growth conditions of microorganisms, and the hydrogen production efficiency needs to be improved.
In summary, all methods of hydrogen production have advantages and disadvantages. The raw material of the water-gas transformation method is easy to obtain, but the product separation is slightly more complex; the hydrogen of the water and electricity decomposition method is pure and energy consumption is high; the conditions of the methanol reforming method are mild but methanol also needs to be prepared; the biological hydrogen production method is environmentally friendly and the efficiency needs to be improved. Users should consider the advantages and disadvantages according to their needs, and choose the appropriate law to use.
Hydrogen is also an important chemical element. The method of its production is related to all things and cannot be ignored. Today we discuss its method in detail.
Water gas transformation method
The first is the method of water gas transformation. The water vapor reacts with carbonaceous substances, such as coal and coke, at high temperature. First, the carbon reacts with water vapor to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The reaction formula is: $C + H_ {2} O\ stackrel {high temperature }{=\!=\!=} CO + H_ {2} $. Then, carbon monoxide is further reacted with water vapor to obtain carbon dioxide and more hydrogen. The reaction is as follows: $CO + H_ {2} O\ stackrel {catalyst }{=\!=\!=} CO_ {2} + H_ {2} $. In this process, high temperature is necessary for the catalyst. High temperature can promote the reaction to go faster, and the catalyst can reduce the activation energy of the reaction, making the reaction more likely to occur.
Water electrolysis method
The second is the water electrolysis method. Direct current is passed through the water, and the water is connected to the electrode. At the anode, the hydroxide ion loses electrons, generating oxygen and water. The semi-reactive formula is: $4OH ^ - - 4e ^ - = O_ {2} ↑ + 2H_ {2} O $; at the cathode, the hydrogen ion obtains electrons, generating hydrogen gas. The semi-reactive formula is: $2H ^ ++ 2e ^ - = H_ {2} ↑ $. The total reaction is: $2H_ {2} O\ stackrel {energized }{=\!=\!=} 2H_ {2} ↑ + O_ {2} ↑ $. The hydrogen produced by this method has a high purity. However, it consumes a lot of power and costs a lot, so it is mostly used in places where the purity of hydrogen is strict.
Methanol reforming method
Furthermore, the method of methanol reforming. Methanol and water vapor are reformed under the action of a catalyst to obtain hydrogen. The reaction formula is as follows: $CH_ {3} OH + H_ {2} O\ stackrel {catalyst }{=\!=\!=} CO_ {2} + 3H_ {2} $. Methanol comes from a wide range of sources, and the reaction conditions are relatively mild, and the equipment is not very complicated. The obtained hydrogen can be used in a variety of fuel cell systems and is increasingly used in the energy field.
Biological hydrogen production
There is another method of biological hydrogen production. Using microorganisms, such as certain bacteria, algae, etc., to decompose organic matter or water under specific conditions to produce hydrogen. Some photosynthetic bacteria can produce hydrogen by photosynthesis-related mechanisms under light, using organic matter as the substrate; while some anaerobic bacteria can decompose sugars and other substances to produce hydrogen in an anaerobic environment. This method has the characteristics of green and environmental protection, but it is subject to the harsh growth conditions of microorganisms, and the hydrogen production efficiency needs to be improved.
In summary, all methods of hydrogen production have advantages and disadvantages. The raw material of the water-gas transformation method is easy to obtain, but the product separation is slightly more complex; the hydrogen of the water and electricity decomposition method is pure and energy consumption is high; the conditions of the methanol reforming method are mild but methanol also needs to be prepared; the biological hydrogen production method is environmentally friendly and the efficiency needs to be improved. Users should consider the advantages and disadvantages according to their needs, and choose the appropriate law to use.
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