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Hydrogen Peroxide applications properties reactions uses safety
On hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is also a chemical substance, its formula is\ (H_ {2} O_ {2}\). It has unique properties and is widely used in various fields, but it needs to be careful to ensure safety.
Properties of hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature, with a slight special odor. Its density is slightly higher than that of water, with a melting point of -0.43 ° C and a boiling point of 150.2 ° C. It has strong oxidizing properties, which is its important property. It can react with many substances, such as oxidizing ferrous ions\ (Fe ^ {2 + }\) to iron ions\ (Fe ^ {3 + }\)。 It is weakly acidic and can be slightly ionized in water to form\ (H ^{+}\) and\ (HO_ {2 }^{-}\)。 However, its stability is poor, heated or exposed to light, heavy metal ions and other catalysts, and it is easy to decompose into water and oxygen. The chemical equation of its decomposition is:\ (2H_ {2} O_ {2}\ stackrel {catalyst }{=\!=\!=} 2H_ {2} O + O_ {2}\ uparrow\).
Reaction of hydrogen peroxide
1. ** Oxidation reaction **: In acidic medium, hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant. In reaction with potassium iodide, iodine ions\ (I ^{-}\) can be oxidized to iodine elements\ (I_ {2}\), making the solution brown. The reaction equation is:\ (H_ {2} O_ {2} + 2KI + H_ {2} SO_ {4} = I_ {2} + K_ {2} SO_ {4} + 2H_ {2} O\). This reaction is often used to test the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide.
2. ** Reduction reaction **: When encountering a stronger oxidant, such as potassium permanganate\ (KMnO_ {4}\), hydrogen peroxide is used as the reducing agent. Under acidic conditions, potassium permanganate reacts with hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide is oxidized to oxygen, and the manganese element in potassium permanganate decreases from + 7 valence to + 2 valence, and the purple-red solution fades. The reaction equation is:\ (2KMnO_ {4} + 5H_ {2} O_ {2} + 3H_ {2} SO_ {4} = K_ {2} SO_ {4} + 2MnSO_ {4} + 8H_ {2} O + 5O_ {2}\ uparrow\).
Application of hydrogen peroxide
1. ** Medical field **: Often used as a disinfectant, because its oxidation can denature the protein of bacteria, achieving the effect of sterilization and disinfection. If treating wounds, it can prevent infection. Its concentration is mostly 3%. This concentration can not only effectively sterilize, but also less irritating to human tissue.
2. ** Industrial use **: In the paper industry, it is used for pulp bleaching, which can improve the whiteness of paper. In the textile industry, it is also used for fabric bleaching. Compared with traditional bleaching agents, hydrogen peroxide bleaches the fabric with less damage and more natural color. In chemical synthesis, it can be used as an oxidant to participate in many organic synthesis reactions, such as the preparation of ethylene oxide, which can be obtained by reacting ethylene with hydrogen peroxide under the action of a specific catalyst.
3. ** Environmental protection **: It can be used for wastewater treatment to oxidize and decompose organic pollutants in wastewater to purify water quality. If treating wastewater containing phenols, hydrogen peroxide can oxidize phenols into harmless substances.
Safe to use with hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is highly oxidizing and can cause burns when it comes into contact with the skin and eyes. Wear protective gloves and goggles when using. If it comes into contact with the skin accidentally, rinse it with plenty of water immediately and seek medical attention if necessary. It is easily decomposed when heated. When stored, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, and should not be stored on the same level as flammable substances and reducing agents. During transportation, it is also necessary to ensure safe transportation according to the relevant regulations of hazardous chemicals to prevent it from decomposing and leaking due to vibration, heat and other factors.
In short, hydrogen peroxide has important applications in various fields due to its unique properties. However, it is dangerous, and caution is required in all aspects of use and storage in order to give full play to its effectiveness and ensure personal and environmental safety.
Hydrogen peroxide is also a chemical substance, its formula is\ (H_ {2} O_ {2}\). It has unique properties and is widely used in various fields, but it needs to be careful to ensure safety.
Properties of hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature, with a slight special odor. Its density is slightly higher than that of water, with a melting point of -0.43 ° C and a boiling point of 150.2 ° C. It has strong oxidizing properties, which is its important property. It can react with many substances, such as oxidizing ferrous ions\ (Fe ^ {2 + }\) to iron ions\ (Fe ^ {3 + }\)。 It is weakly acidic and can be slightly ionized in water to form\ (H ^{+}\) and\ (HO_ {2 }^{-}\)。 However, its stability is poor, heated or exposed to light, heavy metal ions and other catalysts, and it is easy to decompose into water and oxygen. The chemical equation of its decomposition is:\ (2H_ {2} O_ {2}\ stackrel {catalyst }{=\!=\!=} 2H_ {2} O + O_ {2}\ uparrow\).
Reaction of hydrogen peroxide
1. ** Oxidation reaction **: In acidic medium, hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant. In reaction with potassium iodide, iodine ions\ (I ^{-}\) can be oxidized to iodine elements\ (I_ {2}\), making the solution brown. The reaction equation is:\ (H_ {2} O_ {2} + 2KI + H_ {2} SO_ {4} = I_ {2} + K_ {2} SO_ {4} + 2H_ {2} O\). This reaction is often used to test the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide.
2. ** Reduction reaction **: When encountering a stronger oxidant, such as potassium permanganate\ (KMnO_ {4}\), hydrogen peroxide is used as the reducing agent. Under acidic conditions, potassium permanganate reacts with hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide is oxidized to oxygen, and the manganese element in potassium permanganate decreases from + 7 valence to + 2 valence, and the purple-red solution fades. The reaction equation is:\ (2KMnO_ {4} + 5H_ {2} O_ {2} + 3H_ {2} SO_ {4} = K_ {2} SO_ {4} + 2MnSO_ {4} + 8H_ {2} O + 5O_ {2}\ uparrow\).
Application of hydrogen peroxide
1. ** Medical field **: Often used as a disinfectant, because its oxidation can denature the protein of bacteria, achieving the effect of sterilization and disinfection. If treating wounds, it can prevent infection. Its concentration is mostly 3%. This concentration can not only effectively sterilize, but also less irritating to human tissue.
2. ** Industrial use **: In the paper industry, it is used for pulp bleaching, which can improve the whiteness of paper. In the textile industry, it is also used for fabric bleaching. Compared with traditional bleaching agents, hydrogen peroxide bleaches the fabric with less damage and more natural color. In chemical synthesis, it can be used as an oxidant to participate in many organic synthesis reactions, such as the preparation of ethylene oxide, which can be obtained by reacting ethylene with hydrogen peroxide under the action of a specific catalyst.
3. ** Environmental protection **: It can be used for wastewater treatment to oxidize and decompose organic pollutants in wastewater to purify water quality. If treating wastewater containing phenols, hydrogen peroxide can oxidize phenols into harmless substances.
Safe to use with hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is highly oxidizing and can cause burns when it comes into contact with the skin and eyes. Wear protective gloves and goggles when using. If it comes into contact with the skin accidentally, rinse it with plenty of water immediately and seek medical attention if necessary. It is easily decomposed when heated. When stored, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, and should not be stored on the same level as flammable substances and reducing agents. During transportation, it is also necessary to ensure safe transportation according to the relevant regulations of hazardous chemicals to prevent it from decomposing and leaking due to vibration, heat and other factors.
In short, hydrogen peroxide has important applications in various fields due to its unique properties. However, it is dangerous, and caution is required in all aspects of use and storage in order to give full play to its effectiveness and ensure personal and environmental safety.
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