Shanxian Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Hydrogen Quantum Numbers
On the Relation of Hydrogen Quantum Numbers
Everything in the world has its own laws, and the microscopic world is no exception. The quantum number of hydrogen atoms contains wisdom.
The quantum number of hydrogen atoms, the first is the main quantum number\ (n\). Its value is a positive integer, that is,\ (n = 1, 2, 3,\ cdots\). This number is related to the energy of the electron and the distance to the orbit. The larger the value of\ (n\), the higher the energy of the electron and the farther away it is from the nucleus. For example, when\ (n = 1\), the electron is in the ground state, with the lowest energy, and the orbit is closest to the nucleus, as if it were at an inner static place; when\ (n\) increases, the electron energy also increases if it travels far from home.
Angular quantum number\ (l\), the value range is\ (0\) to\ (n - 1\). It determines the shape of the electron orbit. When\ (l = 0\), the orbit is spherical, which is\ (s\) orbit, like a round bead;\ (l = 1\), which is a dumbbell-shaped\ (p\) orbit, such as a symmetrical device;\ (l = 2\), which is a petal-shaped\ (d\) orbit, like a flower. Orbits of different shapes show the wonderful structure of the microscopic world.
Magnetic quantum number\ (m_l\), with values from\ (-l\) to\ (+ l\). This number reveals the orientation of the orbit in space. Taking the\ (p\) orbit as an example,\ (l = 1 \) ， \( m_l\) can be taken as\ (-1, 0, + 1\), indicating that the\ (p\) orbit has three different orientations in space, which extend along the\ (x \) 、 \( y \) 、 \( z\) axis, forming a symmetrical layout of space.
The spin quantum number\ (m_s\), with only two values\ (+\ frac {1} {2}\) and\ (-\ frac {1} {2}\), describes the spin state of the electron itself, just like the spinning gyroscope of the microscopic world.
These four hydrogen quantum numbers are related to each other and together outline the motion trajectory and state of the electron in the hydrogen atom. In the microscopic realm, it is like a delicate code that unlocks the mystery of atomic structure and properties, leads our generation to explore the profound mysteries of the material world, lays the foundation for chemistry, physics and other sciences, and opens the door to microscopic research, enabling humans to have a more accurate understanding of the microscopic composition of the universe.
Everything in the world has its own laws, and the microscopic world is no exception. The quantum number of hydrogen atoms contains wisdom.
The quantum number of hydrogen atoms, the first is the main quantum number\ (n\). Its value is a positive integer, that is,\ (n = 1, 2, 3,\ cdots\). This number is related to the energy of the electron and the distance to the orbit. The larger the value of\ (n\), the higher the energy of the electron and the farther away it is from the nucleus. For example, when\ (n = 1\), the electron is in the ground state, with the lowest energy, and the orbit is closest to the nucleus, as if it were at an inner static place; when\ (n\) increases, the electron energy also increases if it travels far from home.
Angular quantum number\ (l\), the value range is\ (0\) to\ (n - 1\). It determines the shape of the electron orbit. When\ (l = 0\), the orbit is spherical, which is\ (s\) orbit, like a round bead;\ (l = 1\), which is a dumbbell-shaped\ (p\) orbit, such as a symmetrical device;\ (l = 2\), which is a petal-shaped\ (d\) orbit, like a flower. Orbits of different shapes show the wonderful structure of the microscopic world.
Magnetic quantum number\ (m_l\), with values from\ (-l\) to\ (+ l\). This number reveals the orientation of the orbit in space. Taking the\ (p\) orbit as an example,\ (l = 1 \) ， \( m_l\) can be taken as\ (-1, 0, + 1\), indicating that the\ (p\) orbit has three different orientations in space, which extend along the\ (x \) 、 \( y \) 、 \( z\) axis, forming a symmetrical layout of space.
The spin quantum number\ (m_s\), with only two values\ (+\ frac {1} {2}\) and\ (-\ frac {1} {2}\), describes the spin state of the electron itself, just like the spinning gyroscope of the microscopic world.
These four hydrogen quantum numbers are related to each other and together outline the motion trajectory and state of the electron in the hydrogen atom. In the microscopic realm, it is like a delicate code that unlocks the mystery of atomic structure and properties, leads our generation to explore the profound mysteries of the material world, lays the foundation for chemistry, physics and other sciences, and opens the door to microscopic research, enabling humans to have a more accurate understanding of the microscopic composition of the universe.
Scan to WhatsApp
